Buccal, polar and non-polar spray or capsule

ABSTRACT

Buccal aerosol sprays or capsule using polar and non-polar solvent have now been developed which provide biologically active compounds for rapid absorption through the oral mucosa, resulting in fast onset of effect. The buccal polar compositions of the invention comprises formulation I: aqueous polar solvent 30-99.89%, active compound 0.001-60%, optionally containing flavoring agent 0.1-10%. Propellant 2-10% The non polar composition of the invention comprises formulation II: non-polar solvent 20-85%, active compound 0.005-50%, and optionally flavoring agent 0.1-10% and propellant 50-80%.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation in part of applicant PCT application PCT/US97/17899 filed Oct. 1, 1997.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It is known that certain biologically active compounds are better absorbed through the oral mucosa than through other routes of administration, such as through the stomach or intestine. However, formulations suitable for such administration by these latter routes present their own problems. For example, the biologically active compound must be compatible with the other components of the composition such as propellants, solvents, etc. Many such formulations have been proposed. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,689,233, Dvorsky et al., describes a soft gelatin capsule for the administration of the anti-coronary drug nifedipine dissolved in a mixture of polyether alcohols. U.S. Pat. No. 4,755,389, Jones et al., describes a hard gelatin chewable capsule containing nifedipine. A chewable gelatin capsule containing a solution or dispersion of a drug is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,935,243, Borkan et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,919,919, Aouda et al, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,370,862, Klokkers-Bethke, describe a nitroglycerin spray for administration to the oral mucosa comprising nitroglycerin, ethanol, and other components. An orally administered pump spray is described by Cholcha in U.S. Pat. No. 5,186,925. Aerosol compositions containing a hydrocarbon propellant and a drug for administration to a mucosal surface are described in U.K. 2,082,457, Su, U.S. Pat. No. 3,155,574, Silson et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,011,678, Wang et al., and by Parnell in U.S. Pat. No. 5,128,132. It should be noted that these references discuss bioavailability of solutions by inhalation rather than through the membranes to which they are administered.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A buccal aerosol spray or soft bite gelatin capsule using a polar or non-polar solvent has now been developed which provides biologically active compounds for rapid absorption through the oral mucosa, resulting in fast onset of effect.

The buccal aerosol spray compositions of the present invention, for transmucosal administration of a pharmacologically active compound soluble in a pharmacologically acceptable non-polar solvent comprise in weight % of total composition: pharmaceutically acceptable propellant 5-80%, non-polar solvent 20-85%, active compound 0.05-50%, suitably additionally comprising, by weight of total composition a flavoring agent 0.01-10%. Preferably the composition comprises: propellant 10-85%, non-polar solvent 25-89.9%, active compound 0.01-40%, flavoring agent 1-8%; most suitably propellant 20-70%, non-polar solvent 30-74.75%, active compound 0.25-35%, flavoring agent 2-7.5%.

The buccal polar aerosol spray compositions of the present invention, for transmucosal administration of a pharmacologically active compound soluble in a pharmacologically acceptable polar solvent are also administrable in aerosol form driven by a propellant. In this case the composition comprise in weight % of total composition: aqueous polar solvent 10-99%, active compound 0.1-25%, suitably additionally comprising, by weight of total composition a flavoring agent 0.05-10% and propellant: 2-10%. Preferably the composition comprises: polar solvent 20-97%, active compound 0.1-15%, flavoring agent 0.1-5% and propellant: 3-5%; most suitably polar solvent 25-97%, active compound 0.2-25%, flavoring agent 0.1-2.5% and propellant: 3-4%.

The buccal pump spray composition of the present invention for transmucosal administration of a pharmacologically active compound where said active compound is soluble in a pharmacologically acceptable non-polar solvent said composition comprise in weight % of total composition: non-polar solvent 30-99.69%, active compound 0.005-55%, and suitably additionally, flavoring agent 0.1-10%.

The buccal polar pump spray compositions of the present invention, for transmucosal administration of a pharmacologically active compound soluble in a pharmacologically acceptable polar solvent comprising in weight % of total composition: aqueous polar solvent 30-99.69%, active compound 0.001-60%, suitably additionally comprising, by weight of total composition a flavoring agent 0.1-10%. Preferably the composition comprises: polar solvent 37-98.58%, active compound 0.005-55%, flavoring agent 0.5-8%; most suitably polar solvent 60.9-97.06%, active compound 0.01-40%, flavoring agent 0.75-7.5%.

The soft bite gelatin capsules of the present invention for transmucosal administration of a pharmacologically active compound, at least partially soluble in a pharmacologically acceptable non-polar solvent, having charged thereto a fill composition comprise in weight % of total composition: non-polar solvent 4-99.99%, emulsifier 0-20%, active compound 0.01-80%, provided that said fill composition contains less than 10% of water, suitably additionally comprising, by weight of the composition: flavoring agent 0.01-10%. Preferably, the soft bite gelatin capsule comprises: non-polar solvent 21.5-99.975%, emulsifier 0-15%, active compound 0.025-70%, flavoring agent 1-8%; most suitably: non-polar solvent 28.5-97.9%, emulsifier 0-10%, active compound 0.1-65.0%, flavoring agent 2-6%.

The soft bite polar gelatin capsules of the present invention for transmucosal administration of a pharmacologically active compound, at least partially soluble in a pharmacologically acceptable polar solvent, having charged thereto a composition comprising in weight % of total composition: polar solvent 25-99.89%, emulsifier 0-20%, active compound 0.01-65%, provided that said composition contains less than 10% of water, suitably additionally comprising, by weight of the composition: flavoring agent 01-10%. Preferably, the soft bite gelatin capsule comprises: polar solvent 37-99.95%, emulsifier 0-15%, active compound 0.025-55%, flavoring agent 1-8%; most suitably: polar solvent 44-96.925%, emulsifier 0-10%, active compound 0.075-50%, flavoring agent 2-6%.

It is an object of the invention to coat the mucosal membranes either with extremely fine droplets of spray containing the active compounds or a solution or paste thereof from bite capsules.

It is also an object of the invention to administer to the oral mucosa of a mammalian in need of same, preferably man, by spray or bite capsule a predetermined amount of a biologically active compound by this method or from a soft gelatin bite capsule.

A further object is a sealed aerosol spray container containing a composition of the non polar or polar aerosol spray formulation, and a metered valve suitable for releasing from said container a predetermined amount of said composition.

As the propellant evaporates after activation of the aerosol valve, a mist of fine droplets is formed which contains solvent and active compound.

The propellant is a non-Freon material, preferably a C₃₋₈ hydrocarbon of a linear or branched configuration. The propellant should be substantially non-aqueous. The propellant produces a pressure in the aerosol container such that under expected normal usage it will produce sufficient pressure to expel the solvent from the container when the valve is activated but not excessive pressure such as to damage the container or valve seals.

The non-polar solvent is a non-polar hydrocarbon, preferably a C₇₋₁₈ hydrocarbon of a linear or branched configuration, fatty acid esters, and triglycerides, such as miglyol. The solvent must dissolve the active compound and be miscible with the propellant, i.e., solvent and propellant must form a single phase at 0-40° C. at a pressure range of 1-3 atm.

The polar and non-polar aerosol spray compositions of the invention are intended to be administered from a sealed, pressurized container. Unlike a pump spray, which allows the entry of air into the container after every activation, the aerosol container of the invention is sealed at the time of manufacture. The contents of the container are released by activation of a metered valve, will does not allow entry of atmospheric gasses with each activation. Such containers are commercially available.

A further object is a pump spray container containing a composition of the pump spray formulation, and a metered valve suitable for releasing from said container a predetermined amount of said composition.

A further object is a soft gelatin bite capsule containing a composition of as set forth above. The formulation may be in the form of a viscous solution or paste containing the active compounds. Although solutions are preferred, paste fills may also be used where the active compound is not soluble or only partially soluble in the solvent of choice. Where water is used to form part of the paste composition, it should not exceed 10% thereof. (All percentages herein are by weight unless otherwise indicated.)

The polar or non-polar solvent is chosen such that it is compatible with the gelatin shell and the active compound. The solvent preferably dissolves the active compound. However, other components wherein the active compound is not soluble or only slightly soluble may be used and will form a paste fill.

Soft gelatin capsules are well known in the art. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,935,243, Borkan et al., for its teaching of such capsules. The capsules of the present invention are intended to be bitten into to release the low viscosity solution or paste therein, which will then coat the buccal mucosa with the active compounds. Typical capsules, which are swallowed whole or bitten and then swallowed, deliver the active compounds the stomach, which results in significant lag time before maximum blood levels can be achieved or subject the compound to a large first pass effect. Because of the enhanced absorption of the compounds through the oral mucosa and no chance of a first pass effect, use of the bite capsules of the invention will eliminate much of the lag time, resulting in hastened onset of biological effect. The shell of a soft gelatin capsule of the invention may comprise, for example:

Gelatin: 50-75%, glycerin 20-30%, colorants 0.5-1.5%, water 5-10%, and sorbitol 2-10%.

The active compound may include biologically active peptides, central nervous system active amines, sulfonyl ureas, antibiotics, antifungals, anti-virals, sleep inducers, antiasthmatics, bronchial dilators, antiemetics, histamine H-2 receptor antagonists, barbiturates, prostaglandins and neutraceuticals.

The active compounds may also include antihistamines, alkaloids, hormones, benzodiazepines and narcotic analgesics. While not limited thereto, these active compounds are particularly suitable for non-polar pump spray formulation and application.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

The FIGURE is a schematic diagram showing routes of absorption and processing of pharmacologically active substances in a mammalian system.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The preferred active compounds of the present invention are in an ionized, salt form or as the free base of the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof (provided, for the aerosol or spray compositions, they are soluble in the spray solvent). These compounds are soluble in the non-polar solvents of the invention at useful concentrations or can be prepared as pastes at useful concentrations. These concentrations may be less than the standard accepted dose for these compounds since there is enhanced absorption of the compounds through the oral mucosa. This aspect of the invention is especially important when there is a large (40-99.99%) First pass effect.

As propellants for the non polar sprays, propane, N-butane, iso-butane, N-pentane, iso-pentane, and neo-pentane, and mixtures thereof may be used. N-butane and iso-butane, as single gases, are the preferred propellants. It is permissible for the propellant to have a water content of no more than 0.2%, typically 0.1-0.2%. (All percentages herein are by weight unless otherwise indicated.) It is also preferable that the propellant be synthetically produced to minimize the presence of contaminants which are harmful to the active compounds. These contaminants include oxidizing agents, reducing agents, Lewis acids or bases, and water. The concentration of each of these should be less than 0.1%, except that water may be as high as 0.2%.

Suitable non-polar solvents for the capsules and the non-polar sprays include (C₂-C₂₄) fatty acid C₂-C₆ esters, C₇-C₁₈ hydrocarbon, C₂-C₆ alkanoyl esters, and the triglycerides of the corresponding acids. When the capsule fill is a paste, other liquid components may be used instead of the above low molecular weight solvents. These include soya oil, corn oil, other vegetable oils.

As solvents for the polar capsules or sprays there may be used low molecular weight polyethyleneglycols (PEG) of 400-1000 Mw (preferably 400-600), low molecular weight (C₂-C₈) mono and polyols and alcohols of C₇-C₁₈ linear or branch chain hydrocarbons, glycerin may also be present and water may also be used in the sprays, but only in limited amount in the capsules.

It is expected that some glycerin and water used to make the gelatin shell will migrate from the shell to the fill during the curing of the shell. Likewise, there may be some migration of components from the fill to the shell during curing and even throughout the shelf-life of the capsule. Therefore, the values given herein are for the compositions as prepared, it being within the scope of the invention that minor variations will occur.

The preferred flavoring agents are synthetic or natural oil of peppermint, oil of spearmint, citrus oil, fruit flavors, sweeteners (sugars, aspartame, saccharin, etc.), and combinations thereof.

The active substances include the active compounds selected from the group consisting of cyclosporine, sermorelin, Octreotide acetate, calcitonin-salmon, insulin lispro, sumatriptan succinate, clozepine, cyclobenzaprine, dexfenfluramine hydrochloride, glyburide, zidovudine, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, ondansetron hydrochloride, dimenhydrinate, cimetidine hydrochloride, famotidine, phenytoin sodium, phenytoin, carboprost thromethamine, carboprost, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, isoproterenol hydrochloride, terbutaline sulfate, terbutaline, theophylline, albuterol sulfate and neutraceuticals, that is to say nutrients with pharmacological action such as but not limited to carnitine, valerian, echinacea, and the like.

The formulations of the present invention comprise an active compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refers to salts prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acids or bases including organic and inorganic acids or bases.

When an active compound of the present invention is acidic, salts may be prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic bases. Salts derived from all stable forms of inorganic bases include aluminum, ammonium, calcium, copper, iron, lithium, magnesium, manganese, potassium, sodium, zinc, etc. Particularly preferred are the ammonium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium salts. Salts derived from pharmaceutically acceptable organic non-toxic bases include salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines and basic ion-exchange resins such as arginine, betaine, caffeine, choline, N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine, diethylamine, 2-diethylaminoethanol, 2-dimethyl-aminoethanol, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, N-ethylmorpholine, N-ethylpiperidine, glucamine, glucosamine, histidine, isopropylamine, lysine, methyl-glucosamine, morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, polyamine resins, procaine, purine, theobromine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tripropylamine, etc.

When an active compound of the present invention is basic, salts may be prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acids. Such acids include acetic, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, camphorsulfonic, citric, ethane-sulfonic, fumaric, gluconic, glutamic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, isethionic, lactic, maleic, mandelic, methanesulfonic, mucic, nitric, pamoic, pantothenic, phosphoric, succinic, sulfuric, tartaric, p-toluenesulfonic, etc. Particularly preferred are citric, hydrobromic, maleic, phosphoric, sulfuric, and tartaric acids.

In the discussion of methods of treatment herein, reference to the active compounds is meant to also include the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. While certain formulations are set forth herein, the actual amounts to be administered to the mammal or man in need of same are to be determined by the treating physician.

The invention is further defined by reference to the following examples, which are intended to be illustrative and not limiting.

The following are examples of each class ( all values unless otherwise specified are in weight percent):

EXAMPLE 1 Biologically Active Peptides Including Peptide Hormones

A. Cyclosporine lingual spray preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Cyclosporine 5-50 10-35 15-25 water 5-20 7.5-50  9.5-12  ethanol 5-60 7.5-50  10-20 polyethylene glycol 20-60  30-45 35-40 flavors 0.1-5   1-4 2-3

B. Cyclosporine Non-Polar lingual spray preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Cyclosporine 1-50 3-40  5-30 Migylol ®* 30-40 Polyoxyethylated 30-40 castor oil Butane 25-80  30-70  33-50 flavors 0.1-5   1-4  2-3 *Miglyol is a registered trademark of Huels AG and describes a fractionated coconut oil of boiling point 240-270° C. comprising saturated C₈ and C₁₀ triglycerides.

C. Cyclosporine non-polar bite capsule preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Cyclosporine  1-35 5-25 10-20 olive oil 25-60 35-55  30-45 polyoxyethylated 25-60 35-55  30-45 oleic glycerides flavors 0.1-5   1-4  2-3

D. Cyclosporine bite capsule preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Cyclosporine 5-50 10-35 15-25 polyethylene glycol 20-60  30-45 35-40 glycerin 5-30 7.5-25  10-20 propylene glycol 5-30 7.5-25  10-20 flavors 0.1-10   1-8 3-6

E. Sermorelin (as the acetate) lingual spray preferred most Amounts amount preferred sermorelin (as the acetate) .01-5 .1-3   .2-1.0 mannitol,   1-25  5-20 10-15 monobasic sodium phosphate, 0.1-5 1-3 1.5-2.5 dibasic sodium 0.01-5  .05-3   0.1-0.5 phosphate water ethanol   5-30 7.5-25  9.5-15  polyethylene glycol   20-60 30-45 35-40 propylene glycol   5-25 10-20 12-17 flavors 0.1-5 1-4 2-3

F. Octreotide acetate (Sandostatin*) lingual spray most preferred Amounts preferred amount amount octreotide acetate 0.001-0.5   0.005-0.250 0.01-0.10 acetic acid 1-10 2-8 4-6 sodium acetate 1-10 2-8 4-6 sodium chloride 3-30  5-25 15-20 flavors 0.1-5   0.5-.4  2-3 ethanol 5-30 7.5-20  9.5-15  water 15-95  35-90 65-85 flavors 0.1-5   1-4 2-3

G. Calcitonin-salmon lingual spray preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Calcitonin-salmon 0.001-5    0.005-2    01-1.5 ethanol 2-15 3-10  7-9.5 water 30-95  50-90  60-80  polyethylene glycol 2-15 3-10  7-9.5 sodium chloride 2.5-20   5-15  10-12.5 flavors 0.1-5   1-4  2-3 

H. insulin lispro, lingual spray preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount insulin, 20-60    4-55 5-50 glycerin, 0.1-10   0.25-5  0.1-1.5  dibasic sodium 1-15 2.5-10 4-8  phosphate, m-cresol, 1-25   5-25 7.5-12.5 zinc oxide 0.01-0.25    .05-0.15 0.075-0.10  m-cresol, 0.1-1    0.2-0.8 0.4-0.6  phenol trace amounts trace amounts trace amounts ethanol 5-20 7.5-15 9-12 water 30-90   40-80 50-75  propylene 5-20 7.5-15 9-12 glycol flavors 0.1-5   0.5-3  0.75-2    adjust pH to 7.0-7.8 with HCl or NaOH

EXAMPLE 2 CNS Active Amines and Their Salts: Including but not Limited to Tricyclic Amines, GABA Analogues, Thiazides, Phenothiazine Derivatives, Serotonin Antagonists and Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

A. Sumatriptan succinate lingual spray preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount sumatriptan succinate 0.5-30     1-20 10-15 ethanol 5-60 7.5-50 10-20 propylene glycol 5-30 7.5-20 10-15 polyethylene glycol 0-60  30-45 35-40 water 5-30 7.5-20 10-15 flavors 0.1-5    1-4 2-3

B. Sumatriptan succinate bite capsule preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount sumatriptan succinate 0.01-5   0.05-3.5  0.075-1.75  polyethylene glycol 25-70 30-60 35-50 glycerin 25-70 30-60 35-50 flavors 0.1-10  1-8 3-6

C. Clozepine lingual spray preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Clozepine 0.5-30     1-20 10-15 ethanol 5-60 7.5-50 10-20 propylene glycol 5-30 7.5-20 10-15 polyethylene glycol 0-60  30-45 35-40 water 5-30 7.5-20 10-15 flavors 0.1-5    1-4 2-3

D. Clozepine Non-Polar lingual spray with propellant preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Clozepine 0.5-30 1-20 10-15 Migylol  20-85 25-70  30-40 Butane  15-80 30-75  60-70 flavors 0.1-5  1-4  2-3

E. Clozepine Non-Polar lingual spray without propellant preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Clozepine 0.5-30 1-20 10-15 Migylol    70-99.5  80-99  85-90 flavors 0.1-5  1-4  2-3

F. Cyclobenzaprine Non polar lingual spray preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Cyclobenzaprine 0.5-30 1-20 10-15 (base) Migylol  20-85 25-70  30-40 Iso-butane  15-80 30-75  60-70 flavors 0.1-5  1-4  2-3

G. dexfenfluramine hydrochloride lingual spray preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount dexfenfluramine Hcl 5-30 7.5-20 10-15 ethanol 5-60 7.5-50 10-20 propylene glycol 5-30 7.5-20 10-15 polyethylene glycol 0-60  30-45 35-40 water 5-30 7.5-20 10-15 flavors 0.1-5    1-4 2-3

EXAMPLE 3 Sulfonylureas

A. Glyburide lingual spray preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Glyburide 0.25-25   0.5-20 0.75-15   ethanol 5-60 7.5-50 10-20 propylene glycol 5-30 7.5-20 10-15 polyethylene glycol 0-60  30-45 35-40 water 2.5-30     5-20  6-15 flavors 0.1-5    1-4 2-3

B. Glyburide non-polar bite capsule preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Glyburide 0.01-10   0.025-7.5  0.1-4  olive oil 30-60 35-55  30-50 polyoxyethylated 30-60 35-55  30-50 oleic glycerides flavors 0.1-5   1-4  2-3

EXAMPLE 4 Antibiotics anti-fungals and anti-virals

A. zidovudine [formerly called azidothymidine (AZT) (Retrovir) non-polar lingual spray preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount zidovudine 10-50 15-40 25-35 Soya oil 20-85 25-70 30-40 Butane 15-80 30-75 60-70 flavors 0.1-5   1-4 2-3

B. Erythromycin bite capsule bite capsule preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Erythromycin 25-65  30-50 35-45 polyoxyethylene glycol 5-70 30-60 45-55 glycerin 5-20 7.5-15    10-12.5 flavors 1-10 2-8 3-6

C. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride bite capsule preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride 25-65 35-55 40-50 glycerin  5-20 7.5-15    10-12.5 polyethylene glycol 20-75 30-65 40-60 flavors  1-10 2-8 3-6

D. zidovudine [formerly called azidothymidine (AZT) (Retrovir) lingual spray preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount zidovudine 10-50 15-40 25-35 water 30-80 40-75 45-70 ethanol  5-20 7.5-15   9.5-12.5 polyethylene glycol  5-20 7.5-15   9.5-12.5 flavors 0.1-5   1-4 2-3

EXAMPLE 5 Anti-Emetics

A. Ondansetron hydrochloride lingual spray preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount ondansetron hydrochloride 1-25 2-20 2.5-15 citric acid monohydrate, 1-10 2-8  2.5-5  sodium citrate dihydrate 0.5-5   1-4   1.25-2.5  water 1-90 5-85  10-75 ethanol 5-30 7.5-20   9.5-15 propylene glycol 5-30 7.5-20   9.5-15 polyethylene glycol 5-30 7.5-20   9.5-15 flavors 1-10 3-8     5-7.5 

B. Dimenhydrinate bite capsule preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Dimenhydrinate 0.5-30   2-25 3-15 glycerin 5-20 7.5-15    10-12.5 polyethylene glycol 45-95  50-90  55-85  flavors 1-10 2-8  3-6 

C. Dimenhydrinate polar lingual spray preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Dimenhydrinate 3-50 4-40 5-35 water 5-90 10-80  15-75  ethanol 1-80 3-50 5-10 polyethylene 1-80 3-50 5-15 glycol Sorbitol 0.1-5   0.2-4   0.4-1.0  aspartame 0.01-0.5  0.02-0.4  0.04-0.1  flavors 0.1-5   1-4  2-3 

EXAMPLE 6 Histamine H-2 Receptor Antagonists

A. Cimetidine hydrochloride bite capsule preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Cimetidine Hcl 10-60 15-55 25-50 glycerin  5-20 7.5-15    10-12.5 polyethylene glycol 20-90 25-85 30-75 flavors  1-10 2-8 3-6

B. Famotidine lingual spray preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Famotidine   1-35 5-30 7-20 water 2.5-25 3-20 5-10 L-aspartic acid 0.1-20 1-15 5-10 polyethylene glycol  20-97 30-95  50-85  flavors 0.1-10  1-7.5 2-5 

C. Famotidine non-polar lingual spray preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Famotidine  1-35  5-30  7-20 Soya oil 10-50 15-40 15-20 Butane 15-80 30-75 45-70 polyoxyethylated 10-50 15-40 15-20 oleic glycerides flavors 0.1-5   1-4 2-3

EXAMPLE 7 Barbiturates

A. Phenytoin sodium lingual spray preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Phenytoin sodium 10-60   15-55  20-40 water 2.5-25     3-20   5-10 ethanol 5-30 7.5-20 9.5-15 propylene glycol 5-30 7.5-20 9.5-15 polyethylene glycol 5-30 7.5-20 9.5-15 flavors 1-10  3-8    5-7.5 

B. Phenytoin non-polar lingual spray preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Phenytoin  5-45 10-40 15-35 migylol 10-50 15-40 15-20 Butane 15-80 30-75 60-70 polyoxyethylated 10-50 15-40 15-20 oleic glycerides flavors 0.1-10  1-8   5-7.5

EXAMPLE 8 Prostaglandins

A. Carboprost thromethamine lingual spray preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Carboprost thromethamine 0.05-5    0.1-3  0.25-2.5  water 50-95   60-80 65-75  ethanol 5-20 7.5-15 9.5-12.5 polyethylene glycol 5-20 7.5-15 9.5-12.5 sodium chloride 1-20   3-15 4-8  flavors 0.1-5    1-4 2-3  pH is adjusted with sodium hydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid

B. Carboprost non-polar lingual spray preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Carboprost 0.05-5   0.1-3   0.25-2.5  migylol 25-50 30-45 35-40 Butane  5-60 10-50 20-35 polyoxyethylated 25-50 30-45 35-40 oleic glycerides flavors 0.1-10  1-8   5-7.5

EXAMPLE 9 Neutraceuticals

A. Carnitine as bite capsule (contents are a paste) preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Carnitine fumarate 6-80 30-70   45-65 soya oil 7.5-50   10-40 12.5-35 soya lecithin 0.001-1.0   0.005-0.5    .01-0.1 Soya fats 7.5-50   10-40 12.5-35 flavors 1-10 2-8   3-6

B. Valerian as lingual spray preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Valerian extract 0.1-10   0.2-7  0.25-5  water 50-95   60-80   65-75 ethanol 5-20 7.5-15   9.5-12.5 polyethylene glycol 5-20 7.5-15   9.5-12.5 flavors 1-10  2-8   3-6

B. Echinacea as bite capsule preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Echinacea extract  30-85 40-75   45-55 soya oil 7.5-50 10-40 12.5-35 soya lecithin 0.001-1.0    0.005-0.5    .01-0.1 Soya fats 7.5-50 10-40 12.5-35 flavors   1-10 2-8   3-6

B. Mixtures of ingredients preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Magnesium oxide 15-40   20-35   25-30 Chromium picolinate 0.01-1.0   0.02-0.5   .025-0.75 folic acid .025-3.0   0.05-2.0  0.25-0.5 vitamin B-12 0.01-1.0   0.02-0.5   .025-0.75 vitamin E 15-40   20-35   25-30 Soya oil 10-40 12.5-35   15-20 soya lecithin 0.1-5   0.2-4   0.5-1.5 soya fat 10-40   15-35 17.5-20

EXAMPLE 10 Sleep Inducers (Also CNS Active Amine)

A. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride lingual spray preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Diphenhydramine 3-50 4-40 5-35 Hcl water 5-90 10-80  50-75  ethanol 1-80 3-50 5-10 polyethylene 1-80 3-50 5-15 glycol Sorbitol 0.1-5   0.2-4   0.4-1.0  aspartame 0.01-0.5  0.02-0.4  0.04-0.1  flavors 0.1-5   1-4  2-3 

EXAMPLE 11 Anti-Asthmatics-Bronchodilators

A. Isoproterenol Hydrochloride as polar lingual spray preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Isoproterenol 0.1-10 0.2-7.5  0.5-6   Hydrochloride water   5-90 10-80  50-75  ethanol   1-80 3-50 5-10 polyethylene   1-80 3-50 5-15 glycol Sorbitol 0.1-5  0.2-4   0.4-1.0  aspartame  0.01-0.5  0.02-0.4  0.04-0.1  flavors 0.1-5  1-4  2-3 

B. Terbutaline sulfate as polar lingual spray preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Terbutaline 0.1-10   0.2-7.5 0.5-6 sulfate water   5-90   10-80   50-75 ethanol   1-10   2-8 2.5-5 Sorbitol 0.1-5  0.2-4   0.4-1.0 aspartame  0.01-0.5   0.02-0.4  0.04-0.1 flavors 0.1-5    1-4   2-3

C. Terbutaline as non-polar lingual spray preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Terbutaline 0.1-10 0.2-7.5 0.5-6   migylol  25-50 30-45 35-40 isobutane   5-60 10-50 20-35 polyoxyethylated  25-50 30-45 35-40 oleic glycerides flavors 0.1-10 1-8   5-7.5

D. Theophylline polar bite capsule preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Theophylline  5-50 10-40 15-30 polyethylene 20-60 25-50 30-40 glycol glycerin 25-50 35-45 30-40 propylene glycol 25-50 35-45 30-40 flavors 0.1-5   1-4 2-3

E. Albuterol sulfate as polar lingual spray preferred most preferred Amounts amount amount Albuterol sulfate 0.1-10   0.2-7.5 0.5-6 water   5-90   10-80   50-75 ethanol   1-10   2-8 2.5-5 Sorbitol 0.1-5  0.2-4   0.4-1.0 aspartame  0.01-0.5   0.02-0.4  0.04-0.1 flavors 0.1-5    1-4   2-3

EXAMPLE 12 Polar Solvent Formulations Using a Propellant

A. Sulfonylurea Preferred Most-Preferred Amount Amount Amount Glyburide  0.1-25%  0.5-15% 0.6-10% Ethanol   40-99%   60-97%  70-97% Water 0.01-5%  0.1-4% 0.2-2%  Flavors 0.05-10% 0.1-5%  0.1-2.5% Propellent   2-10%   3-5%  3-4%

B. Prostaglandin E₁ (Vasodilator) Preferred Most-Preferred Amount Amount Amount Prostaglandin E₁ 0.01-10% 0.1-5% 0.2-3% Ethanol   10-90%   20-75%   25-50% Propylene glycol   1-90%   5-80%   10-75% Water 0.01-5%  0.1-4% 0.2-2% Flavors 0.05-10% 0.1-5%   0.1-2.5% Propellant   2-10%   3-5%   3-4%

C. Promethazine (antiemetic, sleep inducer, and CNS active amine) Preferred Most-Preferred Amount Amount Amount Promethazine 1-25% 3-15% 5-12% Ethanol 10-90%  20-75%  25-50%  Propylene glycol 1-90% 5-80% 10-75%  Water 0.01-5%    0.1-4%   0.2-2%   Flavors 0.05-10%   0.1-5%   0.1-2.5%  Propellant 2-10% 3-5%  3-4% 

D. Meclizine Preferred Most-Preferred Amount Amount Amount Meclizine 1-25% 3-15% 5-12% Ethanol 1-15% 2-10% 3-6  Propylene glycol 20-98%  5-90% 10-85%  Water 0.01-5%    0.1-4%   0.2-2%   Flavors 0.05-10%   0.1-5%   0.1-2.5%  Propellant 2-10% 3-5%  3-4%  

1-25. (canceled)
 26. A method for administering an effective amount of a pharmacologically active compound to a mammal to provide transmucosal absorption of a pharmacologically effective amount of the active compound through the oral mucosa of the mammal to the systemic circulatory system of the mammal, comprising: spraying the oral mucosa of the mammal with a buccal spray composition, containing a pharmacologically active compound dissolved in a pharmacologically acceptable solvent, comprising in weight percent of the composition: an active compound in an amount between 0.05 and 50 percent selected from the group consisting of a biologically active peptide, central nervous system active amine, sulfonyl urea, antibiotic, antifungal, sleep inducer, antiasthmatic, antiemetic, antiviral, histamine H-2 receptor antagonist, barbiturate, prostaglandin, or bronchial dilator; a non-polar solvent in an amount between 20 and 85 percent; and a propellant in an amount between 5 and 70 percent, wherein said propellant is a C₃ to C₈ hydrocarbon of linear or branched configuration.
 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the spray composition further comprises a flavoring agent in an amount of between 0.1 and 10 percent by weight of the total composition.
 28. The method of claim 26, wherein the active compound is selected from the group consisting of cyclosporine, clozapine, zidevedine, erythromycin, ondansetron, cimetidine, phenytoin, carbprost thromethamine, valerian, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
 29. The method of claim 27, wherein the flavoring agent comprises a synthetic or natural oil of peppermint, oil of spearmint, citrus oil, fruit flavor, sweetener or a mixture thereof.
 30. The method of claim 26, wherein the propellant is present in an amount between 5 and 70 percent by weight of the total composition, the non-polar solvent is present in an amount between 25 and 85 percent by weight of the total composition, the active compound is present in an amount from between 0.1 and 40 percent by weight of the total composition, and a flavoring agent is present in an amount between 1 and 8 percent by weight of the total composition.
 31. The method of claim 26, wherein the propellant is present in an amount between 20 and 70 percent by weight of the total composition, the non-polar solvent is present in an amount between 30 and 75 percent by weight of the total composition, the active compound is present in an amount from between 0.25 and 35 percent by weight of the total composition, and a flavoring agent is present in an amount between 2 and 7.5 percent by weight of the total composition.
 32. The method of claim 26, wherein the propellant comprises propane, n-butane, iso-butane, n-pentane, iso-pantane, neo-pentane or a mixture thereof.
 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the propellant is n-butane or iso-butane and has a water content of not more than 0.2 percent and a concentration of oxidizing agents, reducing agents, Lewis acids, and Lewis bases of less than 0.1 percent.
 34. The method of claim 26, wherein the solvent comprises a (C₂-C₂₄) fatty acid (C₂-C₆) ester, C₇-C₁₈ hydrocarbon of linear or branched configuration, C₂-C₆ alkanoyl ester or a triglyceride of C₂-C₆ carboxylic acids.
 35. The method of claim 26, wherein the solvent comprises one or more fatty acid esters.
 36. The method of claim 26, wherein the propellant is present in an amount between 15 and 70 percent by weight of the total composition, the non-polar solvent is present in an amount between 20 and 85 percent by weight of the total composition, the active compound is clozapine in an amount between 0.5 and 30 percent by weight of the total composition, and a flavoring agent is present in an amount between 1 and 5 percent by weight of the total composition.
 37. The method of claim 26, wherein the propellant is present in an amount between 15 and 70 percent by weight of the total composition, the non-polar solvent is present in an amount between 20 and 85 percent by weight of the total composition, the active compound is zidovudine in an amount between 25 and 35 percent by weight of the total composition, and a flavoring agent is present in an amount between 1 and 5 percent by weight of the total composition.
 38. The method of claim 26, wherein the propellant is present in an amount between 5 and 60 percent by weight of the total composition, the non-polar solvent is present in an amount between 20 and 85 percent by weight of the total composition, the active compound is carboprost in an amount between 0.5 and 5 percent by weight of the total composition, and a flavoring agent is present in an amount between 0.1 and 10 percent by weight of the total composition.
 39. The method of claim 26, wherein the propellant is present in an amount between 5 and 60 percent by weight of the total composition, the non-polar solvent is present in an amount between 50 and 85 percent by weight of the total composition, the active compound is terbutaline in an amount between 0.5 and 6 percent by weight of the total composition, and a flavoring agent is present in an amount between 0.01 and 10 percent by weight of the total composition. 